火星进入器作强迫震荡运动壁面脉动压力数值模拟

为研究超声速阶段进入器作强迫震荡运动对壁面脉动压力环境的影响规律，本文耦合进入器刚体运动方程与流体力学方程，采用动网格技术，对火星进入器模型开展非定常数值模拟，获取壁面不同位置处的脉动压力信息。研究表明：在超声速阶段，进入器作强迫震荡运动诱导的脉动压力远大于进入器保持相对静止时仅由非定常流动诱导的脉动压力。来流马赫数为1.2时，进入器作强迫震荡运动对脱体激波影响较小，脱体激波强度较弱且形态变化较小，攻角的震荡导致同一测点距离脱体激波的位置发生周期性改变，舱体迎风面及配平翼迎风面的脉动压力环境主要受攻角变化的影响；来流马赫数为3时，进入器作强迫震荡运动对脱体激波的影响较大，脱体激波震荡剧烈，诱导舱体迎风面及配平翼迎风面产生极其恶劣的脉动压力环境，功率谱分析表明激波震荡诱导的脉动压力能量主要集中在30 Hz左右。     

节流通道振动对碳氢燃料不稳定流动的影响研究

通过实验发现振动的节流通道会引起碳氢燃料的不稳定流动现象。为了探究节流通道振动引发碳氢燃料不稳定流动的机理，采用数值求解三维Reynold-Averaged Navier-Stokes（RANS）方程和k-ω湍流模型的方法研究了节流通道振动对流场动态特性的影响，重点关注节流通道振动对扩张结构附近流动分离的动态特性的影响。数值模拟节流结构两端压差与实验数据对比，验证了所采用的数值方法和湍流模型的有效性。结果表明，当燃油流动方向和节流通道振动方向一致时，会发生不稳定流动现象。当燃油流动方向和节流通道振动方向垂直时，不会发生不稳定流动现象。通过流场的动态分析，发现振动方向与流动方向一致时扩张结构附近非定常涡会发生轴向的周期性运动，从而导致了不稳定流动的现象。振动速度越大，不稳定流动程度越大。     

Prediction of nonlinear pilot-induced oscillation using an intelligent human pilot model

This paper proposes a method to predict nonlinear Pilot-Induced Oscillation (PIO) using an intelligent human pilot model. This method is based on a scalogram-based PIO metric, which uses wavelet transforms to analyze the nonlinear characteristics of a time-varying system. The intelligent human pilot model includes three modules: perception module, decision and adaptive module, and execution module. Intelligent and adaptive features, including a neural network receptor, fuzzy decision and adaptation, are also introduced into the human pilot model to describe the behavior of the human pilot accommodating the nonlinear events. Furthermore, an algorithm is proposed to describe the procedure of the PIO prediction method with nonlinear evaluation cases. The prediction results obtained by numerical simulation are compared with the assessments of flight test data to validate the utility of the method. The flight test data were generated in the evaluation of the Smart-Cue/Smart-Gain, which is capable of reducing the PIO tendencies considerably. The results show that the method can be applied to predict the nonlinear PIO events by human pilot model simulation.     

稳定性导数计算方法研究

稳定性导数的准确计算对于飞行器的操稳特性具有重要意义.应用计算流体力学(CFD)方法中的非结构化动网格技术建立能够模拟飞行器做周期性俯仰运动的强迫振荡法,以国际动导数标模Finner导弹为验证算例,获得不同马赫数下俯仰力矩系数的迟滞环曲线,进而计算Finner导弹在不同马赫数下的静稳定性导数和动稳定性导数.结果表明:本文计算得到的俯仰静稳定性导数与试验数据非常接近;在亚音速和超音速范围内,动稳定性导数计算结果与试验值很接近,但在跨音速范围内,本文计算结果与试验曲线的规律性一致,但误差较大.     

中心线偏置隔离段内激波串振荡特性

采用非定常数值方法研究了一种中心线偏置隔离段内的激波串振荡特性,分析了隔离段出口反压及管道扩张比对激波串振荡特性的影响规律.结果表明:出口总压最大值对应激波串前缘最小位移,出口总压最小值对应激波串前缘最大位移.在一定大小反压条件下隔离段内出现激波串的自激振荡,在较高反压条件下激波串稳定在管道内部.在来流马赫数为2.0条件下,中心线偏置隔离段较等直隔离段更易出现激波串自激振荡.在出现激波串自激振荡时,在同一反压条件下,大扩张比（如37%）隔离段流场的振荡主频、幅度和出口平均总压均小于小扩张比隔离段.      

Evaluation of pressure oscillations by a laboratory motor

Aeroacoustic pressure oscillation is one of the important challenges in segmented solid rocket motors with high slenderness ratio. The reason for these oscillations can be searched in vortex shedding due to grain burning surfaces, holes and slots. In this paper, a novel sub-scaled motor was used for evaluation of aeroacoustic pressure oscillations. First, the related parameters to scale down using Buckingham’s Pi-theorem were determined and then the sub-scaled motor was designed and manufactured. After this, Strouhal number in various grain forms and vortex shedding prediction criteria have been discussed. Then, one-dimensional linear and non-linear solution approaches have been presented. To understand the motor internal flow and vortex shedding formation, steady state computational fluid dynamic performed for seven regression steps and finally, two static tests have been performed. Results show that various definitions for Strouhal number are useful only for primarily glance on vortex shedding and pressure oscillations and so CFD solution and the test program are inevitable for a correct understanding of the ballistic operational condition of the motor. Experimental results demonstrated the existence of such oscillations with frequencies nearly equal to axial modes. It seems that non-linear parameters have small effects on aeroacoustic pressure oscillation and therefore the linear solution is acceptable to obtain approximate data. Of course, it should be emphasized that linear solution represents oscillations on overall motor action time, whereas the output of non-linear solution depends on thermochemistry properties of solid propellant and combustion products. Therefore, with a non-linear solution, oscillations maybe occur in some intervals of action time. FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation) results demonstrated that although both first and second acoustic modes have been excited, the position of longitudinal oscillation has an important role on which one is dominant.     

霍尔推力器不同壁面侵蚀对低频振荡特性影响研究

基于霍尔推力器一维准中性流体模型,对放电壁面侵蚀对低频振荡特性的影响进行了数值模拟研究。通过改变霍尔推力器放电通道的横截面积,研究了霍尔推力器寿命期内通道受离子溅射后,放电电流振荡特性变化。研究结果显示,横截面积从25cm2增大到37cm2时,放电电流振荡幅值增加,振荡频率基本不变;继续增加横截面积,放电电流振荡幅值减小,振荡频率增加。理论分析表明:通道侵蚀面积增大,导致离子碰撞频率变化,进而引起振荡特性变化。     

一种抑制电传系统PIO的非线性补偿方法

提出了一种不完全非线性补偿方法用来抑制电传系统飞行员诱发振荡,其补偿着眼点是电传系统内部的舵回路速率饱和。本文把新的补偿方法用于一个两回路的飞行控制系统中,其设计过程和仿真结果表明,该方法结构简单,可以有效抑制ＰＩＯ,而且不影响原有系统的正常工作,便于工程应用。     

大攻角多分量强迫振动实验技术

北京大学低速风洞新研制的大攻角强迫振动实验设备可迫使模型绕其体轴做单自由度俯仰、偏航、或滚转振动,由六分量应变天平感受气动反作用力和力矩,测量仪器按相关滤波原理将它们分解为同相分量和正交分量。仪器具有很高的分辨度和精度,能测出组合形式的全部18个同相导数和18个正交导数。该设备具有很大的攻角范围和侧滑角范围,并具有足够大的振动频率和振幅范围,实验风速可从20米/秒至50米/秒。强迫振动风洞实验的全过程都在微机控制下自动、实时地完成。通过某教练机的强迫振动实验和不同方法的对比实验表明,该设备能较好地测量出组合形式的全部阻尼导数、交叉导数和交叉耦合导数。     

某型飞机空中飘摆故障分析及防护措施

分析某型飞机平尾助力器故障导致飞机在空中飞行时产生飘摆现象的原因,提出修理改进措施及维护对策。